This article analyses the regulatory framework for the protection of cultural heritage in Burkina Faso in the face of political crises, jihadist attacks and institutional instability, assessing its effectiveness and practical relevance. Following a review of the main challenges encountered in this area, the constitutional provisions and recent developments in primary sources will be examined, from the 2007 law to the more recent 2023 law, which introduces three different regimes for the protection of cultural property in the event of armed conflict, as well as strengthening the existing regulatory framework. In terms of international law, the paper will assess Burkina Faso’s alignment with instruments such as the 1954 Hague Convention and its Protocols, as well as UNESCO’s contribution to the development of the domestic Burkinabe system aimed at improving cultural heritage protection. This paper argues that the positive phase of legal development in Burkina Faso in this area has flourished thanks to the enhancement and strengthening of the international dimension, precisely at a time marked by profound threats to cultural heritage. Although Burkina Faso’s legislation is comprehensive and compliant with international conventions – and is, at least from a legislative perspective, positive and exemplary for other countries, both African and non-African – it nevertheless suffers from significant limitations in terms of practical implementation, due to its recent adoption, institutional instability and the security crisis.
L’articolo analizza gli strumenti normativi di tutela del patrimonio culturale in Burkina Faso di fronte a crisi politiche, attacchi jihadisti ed instabilità istituzionale, valutandone l’efficienza e la portata applicativa. Dopo una ricognizione delle principali sfide affrontate in materia, si esaminerà il dettato costituzionale e la recente evoluzione delle fonti primarie, dalla legge del 2007 alla più avanzata legge del 2023, che delinea tre differenti regimi di protezione dei beni culturali in caso di conflitto armato, oltre a rafforzare l’impianto normativo preesistente. Sul piano del diritto internazionale, si valuterà l’allineamento del Burkina Faso a strumenti come la Convenzione dell’Aia del 1954 ed ai relativi Protocolli, nonché l’assistenza dell’UNESCO allo sviluppo del sistema domestico burkinabé volto all’innalzamento della tutela del patrimonio. Il presente contributo sostiene che la ragguardevole stagione burkinabé di elaborazione giuridica interna si sia sviluppata proprio grazie ad una valorizzazione della dimensione internazionale ed alla riscoperta di alcuni cruciali istituti di tutela, in un periodo segnato da profonde minacce per il patrimonio culturale. La compiutezza e la conformità alle convenzioni internazionali della normativa burkinabé, seppur positiva ed esemplare, almeno da un punto di vista legislativo, per altri paesi africani e non, sconta tuttavia forti limiti sul piano dell’applicazione pratica, dovuti alla recente adozione, all’instabilità istituzionalee alla crisi di sicurezza.
Nuove frontiere di protezione del patrimonio culturale in Burkina Faso: tra gestione delle emergenze e dialogo tra dimensione nazionale ed internazionale
Ludovico Carofano
;Lorenzo De Carlo
2026-01-01
Abstract
This article analyses the regulatory framework for the protection of cultural heritage in Burkina Faso in the face of political crises, jihadist attacks and institutional instability, assessing its effectiveness and practical relevance. Following a review of the main challenges encountered in this area, the constitutional provisions and recent developments in primary sources will be examined, from the 2007 law to the more recent 2023 law, which introduces three different regimes for the protection of cultural property in the event of armed conflict, as well as strengthening the existing regulatory framework. In terms of international law, the paper will assess Burkina Faso’s alignment with instruments such as the 1954 Hague Convention and its Protocols, as well as UNESCO’s contribution to the development of the domestic Burkinabe system aimed at improving cultural heritage protection. This paper argues that the positive phase of legal development in Burkina Faso in this area has flourished thanks to the enhancement and strengthening of the international dimension, precisely at a time marked by profound threats to cultural heritage. Although Burkina Faso’s legislation is comprehensive and compliant with international conventions – and is, at least from a legislative perspective, positive and exemplary for other countries, both African and non-African – it nevertheless suffers from significant limitations in terms of practical implementation, due to its recent adoption, institutional instability and the security crisis.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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